Abstract
The blend comprising of L-lysine, DL-methionine and vitamins D3, E in diets evaluated for growth performance, water intake, feed consumption and conversion ratio and live body weight in broiler was investigated. The study was performed on 360 day old broiler chickens and divided into four groups i.e. A (control), B,C and D (30 chickens in each group) randomly. The birds were fed blend in the diets; group B (40gm / 50 kg feed), group C (80 gm / 50 kg feed) and group D (120 gm / 50 kg feed). The growth parameters of broilers were significant (P<0.05) high in the diet group D in comparison to C, B and A groups respectively. The broiler in group D consumed more feed (4303.20 g/bird) followed by the broiler in C, B and A groups respectively. The significant difference (P<0.05) was determined in water intake of broilers among the groups. The broiler in group D was gained more live body weight (2301.60 g/bird) followed by the broilers in C (2094.50), B (2009.00) and A (1922.20 g/bird). The broiler in group D resulted superior feed conversion efficiency (1.87); followed by the broilers in group C (1.97). The broiler in groups B and A (control) resulted in lowest feed conversion efficiency (1.99 and 2.00) respectively. Overall, the supplementation of the blend in feed 120gm / 50 kg significantly influence on the feed consumption, water intake, live body weight and growth performance in broiler chickens.
References
Peric L, Zikic D, Lukic M. Application of alternative growth promoters in broiler production. Biotech Anim Husb 2009; 25(2): 387-397. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/BAH0906387P
Panda A, Rao SR, Raju M. Phytobiotics, a natural growth promoter for poultry. Poul Int 2009; 7(2): 10-11.
Zulkifli I, Abdulllah N, Azrin NM, Ho YW. Growth performance and immune response of two commercial broiler strains fed diets containing Lactobacillus cultures and oxytetracycline under heat stress conditions. Br Poul Sc 2000; 41(5): 593-597. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/713654979
Baker DH. Advances in protein-amino acid nutrition of poultry. Amino Acids 2009; 37(1): 29-41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00726-008-0198-3
Li P, Yin YL, Li D, Kim SW, Wu G. Amino acids and immune function. Br J Nutr 2007; 98(2): 237-252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S000711450769936X
Mukhtar MA, Mohammed KA, Musa MH. Replacement value of lysine and methionine for super concentrate in broiler chick’s yield and quality. J Sci Techn 2010; 11(2): 27-29.
Rubin LL, Ribeiro AM, Canal CW, Silva IC, Trevizan L, Vogt LK, Pereira RA, Lacerda, L. Influence of sulfur amino acid levels in diets of broiler chickens submitted to immune stress. Braz J Poul Sc 2007; 9(1): 53-59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-635x2007000100008
West CE, Sijtsma SR, Peters HP, Rombout JH, van der Zijpp A. J. Production of chickens with marginal vitamin A deficiency. Br J Nutr 1992; 68(1): 283-291. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/BJN19920085
Marsh JA, Dietert RR, Combs GFJ. Influence of dietary selenium and vitamin E on the humoral immune response of the chick. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1981; 166(2): 228-236. http://dx.doi.org/10.3181/00379727-166-41051
Thaxton P, Siegel HS. Depression of secondary immunity by high environmental temperature. Poult Sci 1972; 51(5): 1519-1526. http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps.0511519
Franchini A, Bertuzzi S, Tosarelli C, Manfreda G. Vitamin E in viral inactivated vaccines. Poult Sci 1995; 74(4): 666-671. http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps.0740666
Gu JY, WakizonoY, Sunada,Y, Hung P, Nonaka M, Sugano M, Yamada K. Dietary effect of tocopherols and tocotrienols on the immune function of spleen and mesenteric lymph node lymphocytes in Brown Norway rats. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 1999; 63(10): 1697-1702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1271/bbb.63.1697
Edwards HMJ. The effect of dietary cholecalciferol, 25-hydroxycholecalciferol and 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol on the development of tibial dyschondroplasia in broiler chickens in the absence and presence of disulfiram. J Nutr 1989; 119(4): 647-652.
Lofton JT, Soares JH. The effects of vitamin D3 on leg abnormalities in broilers. Poult Sci 1986; 65(4): 749-756. http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps.0650749
McNutt KW, Haussler MR. Nutritional effectiveness of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol in preventing rickets in chicks. J Nutr 1973; 103(5): 681-689.
Saunders-Blades JL, Korver DR. Effect of hen age and maternal vitamin D source on performance, hatchability, bone mineral density, and progeny in vitro early innate immune function. Poult Sci 2015; 94(6): 1233-1246. http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps/pev002
Tsang CP, Grunder AA. Effect of dietary contents of cholecalciferol, 1 alpha,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol and 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol on blood concentrations of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol, 1 alpha,25-dihydroxycho-lecalciferol, total calcium and eggshell quality. Br Poult Sci 1993; 34(5): 1021-1027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00071669308417661
Saif YM, Fadly AM, Glisson JR, McDougald LR, Nolan LK, Swayne DE. Diseases of Poultry. 12th edn. Blackwell Publishing Co. , Ames, Iowa, USA. 2008.
Bedford M. Removal of antibiotic growth promoters from poultry diet: Implications and strategies to minimise subsequent problems. Worl Poul Sc J 2000; 56(3): 342-354. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/wps20000024
Lei X, Piao X, Ru Y. , Zhang H, Peron A. Effect of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens-based Direct-fed Microbial on Performance, Nutrient Utilization, Intestinal Morphology and Cecal Microflora in Broiler Chickens. Asian-Austr J Anim Sci 2015; 28(2): 239-246. http://dx.doi.org/10.5713/ajas.14.0330
Mokhtari R, Yazdani A, Kashfi H. The effects of different growth promoters on performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens. J Vet Med and Ani Heal 2015; 7(8): 271-277. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/JVMAH2015.0394
Banerjee SSK, Mukhopadhayay S, Haldar S, Ganguly S, Pradhan NC, Patra DND, Isore, P. Effect of phytogenic growth promoter on broiler bird. J Poul Sc 2013; 76(4): 247-255.
Rahman MA, Parvin MS, Sarker RR, Islam MT. Effects of growth promoter and multivitamin-mineral premix supplementation on body weight gain in broiler chickens. J Bang Agr Univ 2012; 2(10): 201-213.
Adil S, Banday MT, Bhat GA, Qureshi SD, Wani SA. Effect of supplemental organic acids on growth performance and gut microbial population of broiler chicken. Liv Res for Rur Develop 2011; 23(1): 15-20.
NRC. Nutrient requirements of poultry. Ninth Revised Edition, National Academy Press, Washington DC 1994; 645-652.
Lipstein B, Bornstein S. The replacement of some of the soybean meal by the first limiting amino acids in practical broiler diets. 2. Special additions of methionine and lysine as partial substitutes for protein in finisher diets. Br Poult Sci 1975; 16(2): 189-200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00071667508416176
Bowmaker JE, Gous RM. The response of broiler breeder hens to dietary lysine and methionine. Br Poult Sci 1991; 32(5): 1069-1088. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00071669108417430
Chamruspollert M, Pesti GM, Bakalli RI. Dietary interrelationships among arginine, methionine, and lysine in young broiler chicks. Br J Nutr 2002; 88(6): 655-660. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/BJN2002732
Fuller R. The importance of Lactobacilli in maintaining normal microbial balance in the crop. Brit Poul Sc 1977; 18(1): 85-94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00071667708416332
Vanbelle M, Teller E, Focant M. Probiotics in animal nutrition: a review. Arch Tierernahr 1990; 40(7): 543-567. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17450399009428406
Jimenez-Moreno E, de Coca-Sinova A, Gonzalez-Alvarado JM, Mateos GG. Inclusion of insoluble fiber sources in mash or pellet diets for young broilers. 1. Effects on growth performance and water intake. Poult Sc 2015; 94(12): 123-128.
Durrani FR, Sultan A, Ahmed S, Chand N, Khattak FM, Durrani Z. Efficacy of aniseed extract as immune stimulant and growth promoter in broiler chicks. Pak J Bio Sc 2007; 10(20): 3718-3721. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2007.3718.3721
Goodarzi M, Nanekarani S, Landy N. Effect of dietary supplementation with onion (Allium cepa L.) on performance, carcass traits and intestinal microflora composition in broiler chickens. Asian Pacific J Trop Dis 2014; 4(1): 297-301.
Rostami F, Ghasemi HA, Taherpour K. Effect of Scrophularia striata and Ferulago angulata, as alternatives to virginiamycin, on growth performance, intestinal microbial population, immune response, and blood constituents of broiler chickens. Poul Sc 2015; 94(9): 2202-2209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps/pev198
Mahdavi AH, Rahmani HR, Pourreza J. Effect of probiotic supplements on egg quality and laying hens performance. International J Poul Science 2005; 4(1): 488-492.
Mateova S, Aly J, Tuekova M, Eova JR, Nemcova M, Gaalova M, Baranova D. Effect of probiotics, prebiotics and herb oil on performance and metabolic parameters of broiler chickens. Medycyna Wet 2008; 64(2): 294-297.
Murugesan GR, Syed B, Haldar S, Pender C. Phytogenic Feed Additives as an Alternative to Antibiotic Growth Promoters in Broiler Chickens. Fron in Vet Sc 2015; 45(2): 221-228.
Patel SJ, Raval AP, Bhagwat SR, Sadrasaniya DA, Patel PA, Joshi SS. Effects of probiotics supplementation on growth performance, feed Conversion, ratio and economics of broilers. J of Ani Res 2015; 5(1): 155-160. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2277-940X.2015.00026.1
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2016 Rani Abro, Abdul Ghaffar, Shahid Hussain Abro, Hakimzadi Wagan, Ahmed Nawaz Tunio, Jameel Ahmed Gandahi, Pershotum Khatri, Huma Rizwana, Riaz Ahmed Leghari, Bakhtawar Wagan , Mohsan Ullah Goraya