Keywords
How to Cite
Abstract
The studies were conducted consecutively for two years, 2006 and 2007 for management of cotton insect pests through eco-friendly measures. Bio-pesticides Neem seed extract, Neem oil, Asafoetida (Hing) and Tobacco leaf extract were evaluated against sucking complex. The experiment regarding evaluation botanical pesticides showed that among all bio-pesticides, the highest percent reduction of thrip (67.65%) was recorded in Neem seed extract followed by Neem oil (60.00%), Tobacco (63.59%) and Hing (Asafoetida) (52.68%) after 96 h. of application. Overall maximum mean reduction (64.69%) was recorded in Neem seed extract followed by Neem oil (57.74%), Tobacco (52.91%) and Asafoetida (46.52%). The highest reduction of jassid (71.97%) was recorded followed by Neem oil (70.06%), Hing (Asafoetida) (68.15%) and Tobacco (23.56%) after 96 h., of application of pesticides. With regards to reduction percent of whitefly revealed that maximum reduction (60.18%) was recorded in Hing (Asafoetida) followed by Neem oil (59.78%), Neem extract (59.38%) and tobacco (40.61%) after 96 h., of spray application. The botanical pesticides started reducing their toxicity after 96 h. However, the effective reduction of pests was recorded up to one week. Integrated pest management (IPM) model was developed for the control of sucking insect pests of cotton, for benefit of farming community through seminars, trainings and pamphlets. Using the safe botanical pesticides remained effective against sucking pests and is recommended against cotton pests, which showed less effective to natural enemies and environment friendly.
References
Aiken CS. The cotton plantation south. Transportation information service of Germany, gesamtverband der deutschen Versicherungswirtschaft e.V. (GDV), Berlin 2006; http://www./tis_e/baumwoll/baumwoll.htm, 2002-2006.
GOP, Economic Survey of Pakistan 2009-2010, Ministry of Economic Affairs (Statistics Wing), Government of Pakistan, Islamabad 2012.
Noonari AM, Shah AD, Jugtani TK, Lohar MK. Efficacy of different insecticides against gram pod borer, Heliothis armigera Hub. on gram crop under field conditions. Sarhad J Agric 1994; X(2): 183-186.
Dhaka SR, Pareek BL. Seasonal incidence of natural enemies of key insect pests of cotton and their relationship with weather parameters. J Plant Prot Res 2007; 47(4): 418-419.
Gupta GP, Katiyar KN, Sharma K. Neem in the management strategies of insect pest of cotton and okra crop. Azadirachta indica A. Juss 1999; 177-189.
Singh JP, Kumar DS. Relative efficacy of some insecticides and botanical pesticides as contact poisons against aphid Aphis gossypei in Okra. Indian Journal of Entomology 2003; 63(3): 240-243.
Ahmed H, Ali S, Khan MA, Habib A. Efficacy of neem oil and synthetic growth regulators on control of okra insect pests as compared to chemical pesticides. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and the Environment 1995; 5(1/2): 232-245.
Teng PS. Integrated pest management in rice: an analysis of the status quo with recommendations for action. Report prepared for a Task Force of the Technical Advisory Committee of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research reviewing international activities in IPM. University of Hawaii, Honolulu, USA 1990; p. 64.
Pingali PL. Impact of pesticides on the lowland paddy eco-system: results from a multidisciplinary study in the Philippines. Paper presented at the Workshop on Measuring the Health and Environmental Effects of Pesticides, 30 Mar-3 Apr 1992, Bellagio, Italy 1992.
Biopesticide Industry Alliance. Biochemical Biopesticides: Plant Extracts 2011. http://www.biopesticideindustryalliance. org/biochemicalplant.php
Sivakumar S. Effect of botanical pesticides on control of cotton insect pests in India state of Kerala. Insect Environment 2004; 2(1/2): 142-145.
Ali S, Khan MA, Habib A, Rasheed S, Iftikhar Y. Management of yellow vein mosaic disease of okra through pesticide/botanical pesticide and suitable cultivars. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 2005; 7(1): 145-147.
Praveen PM, Dhandapani N. Eco-friendly management of major pests of okra, Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench. Journal of Vegetable Crop Production 2001; 7(2): 3-12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J068v07n02_02
Walter JF. Commercial experience with Neem products. In Hall FR, Menn JJ, Eds., Botanical pesticides: Use and Delivery. Humana, Totowa, NJ 1999; pp. 155-170.
Isman MB. Neem and related natural products. In Hall FR, Menn JJ, Eds., Botanical Pesticides: Use and delivery. Human Press, Totowa, NJ 1999; pp. 139-153.
Schmutterer H, Singh RP. List of insect pests susceptible to neem products. In Schmutterer H, Ed., The Neem Tree: Azadirachta indica A. Juss and Other Meliaceae plants. VCH, New York 1995; pp. 326-365. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/3527603980
Vaughn MW. Mealybug: Biology and control strategies ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, stellenbosch, department of Agriculture Science bulletin, 2000; No. 402: pp. 1-6.
Rausell C, Martínez-Ramírez AC, García-Robles I, Real MD.. A binding site for Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ab toxin is lost during larval development in two forest pests. Appl Environ Microbiol 2000; 66: 1553-1538. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.66.4.1553-1558.2000
Gadehi AH. Efficacy of various botanical pesticides against sucking complex on okra thesis (Entomology) submitted to Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam 2006.
Arain MI. Effect of botanical pesticides against mealybug on cotton. M.Sc. Thesis submitted to Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam 2008.
Singh RV, Sharma HK, Gill JS. Management of insect pests with Neem-based products alone and with carbofuran. Proceedings of national symposium on rational approaches in nematode management for sustainable agriculture. Anand, India 2002; 12(1): 58-62.
Khaskheli MA. Mealybug: An emerging threat to cotton crop Model Farming, Pakissan.com, 2007; pp. 1-5.
Khushk AM, Mal B. A new bug threatens cotton crop. DAWN: The Internet Edition, 19th June 2006.
Al-Shannaf HM, Mead HM, Sabry AKH. Toxic and Biochemical Effects of Some Bioinsecticides on American Bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (hüb.) (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera) in Cotton Fields. J Biofertil Biopestici 2012; 3(1): 1-6.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2016 Abdul Majeed Noonari, Ghulam Hussain Abro, Rab Dino Khuhro , Abdul Sattar Buriro