Keywords
How to Cite
Abstract
Purpose behind the study is to explore the influence of organizational politics of bankers on the ability based emotional intelligence and their diversified interplay. The sample of 292 bankers was used for testing organizational politics’ effect on emotional intelligence as well as individual and collective effect of facets of organizational politics (general political behavior, going along to get ahead, and pay and promotions policies) on dimensions of emotional intelligence (self and others’ emotional appraisal, use and regulation of emotions). The results witnessed that organizational politics significantly affects emotional intelligence, whereas organizational politics’ dimensions significantly predict each emotional intelligence dimension collectively. It is also noted that general political behavior and going along to get ahead have a negative effect on the dimensions of emotional intelligence. But pay and promotion policies positively influences emotional intelligence dimensions. The study can be helpful for the managers, who can identify the patterns of political behaviors and the persons who use it by openly discussing it with the employees through training. Limitations and future suggestions are presented in later part.
References
Vigoda E. Organizational Politics, Job Attitudes, and Work Outcomes: Exploration and Implications for the Public Sector. Journal of Vocational Behavior 2000; 57(3): 326-47. https://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.1999.1742
Ferris GR, Judge TA. Personnel/Human Resources Management: A Political Influence Perspective. Journal of Management 1991; 17(2): 447-88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014920639101700208
Ferris GR, Hochwarter WA. Organizational politics 2011 [cited 2016 Feb 21
Mintzberg H. Power In and Around Organizations. Vol. 142. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall 1983.
Pfeffer J. Power in Organizations. Marshfield, MA: Pitman 1981.
Ferris GR, Kacmar KM. Perceptions of Organizational Politics. Journal of Management 1992; 18(1): 93-116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014920639201800107
Heath C, Sitkin SB. Big-B versus Big-O: what is organizational about organizational behavior? J Organiz Behav 2001; 22(1): 43-58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/job.77
Gandz J, Murray VV. The Experience of Workplace Politics. ACAD MANAGE J 1980; 23(2): 237-51. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/255429
Miller BK, Rutherford MA, Kolodinsky RW. Perceptions of Organizational Politics: A Meta-analysis of Outcomes. J Bus Psychol 2008; 22(3): 209-22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10869-008-9061-5
Chang C-H, Rosen CC, Levy PE. The Relationship Between Perceptions of Organizational Politics and Employee Attitudes, Strain, and Behavior: A Meta-Analytic Examination. ACAD MANAGE J 2009; 52(4): 779-801. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/AMJ.2009.43670894
Bakker AB, Demerouti E, Verbeke W. Using the job demands-resources model to predict burnout and performance. Hum Resour Manage 2004; 43(1): 83-104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hrm.20004
Bedi A, Schat AC. Perceptions of organizational politics: A meta-analysis of its attitudinal, health, and behavioral consequences. Canadian Psychology/Psychologie Canadienne 2013; 54(4): 246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0034549
Vigoda E, Meisler G. Emotions in management and the management of emotions: the impact of emotional intelligence and organizational politics on public sector employees. Public Administration Review 2010; 70(1): 72-86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6210.2009.02112.x
Shrestha AK, Baniya R. Emotional Intelligence and Employee Outcomes: Moderating Role of Organizational Politics. Business Perspectives and Research 2016; 4(1): 15-26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2278533715605426
Meisler G, Vigoda E. Perceived organizational politics, emotional intelligence and work outcomes: empirical exploration of direct and indirect effects. Personnel Review 2014; 43(1): 116-35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/PR-02-2012-0040
Asad MBS, Durrani AAB. The Relationship between Perception of Organizational Politics, Emotional Intelligence and Work Outcomes: Empirical Evidence from Banking Sector of Pakistan. Global Journal of Human-Social Science Research [Internet
Samad S. The most prevailing aspect of organizational politics that influences job performance: Case study of Malaysian Government servants. African Journal of Business Management 2011; 5(34): 13205.
Makhdoom IF, Malik NI, Atta M. Perception of Organizational Politics as Predictor of Job Burnout among High School Teachers. Pakistan Journal of Social Sciences (PJSS) 2015; 35(1): 401-9.
Huang C, Chuang C-HJ, Lin H-C. The role of burnout in the relationship between perceptions of organizational politics and turnover intentions.Public Personnel Management 2003; 32(4): 519-31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009102600303200404
Schneider RJ, Hough LM, Dunnette MD. Broadsided by broad traits: How to sink science in five dimensions or less.Journal of Organizational Behavior 1996; 17(6): 639-55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1379(199611)17:6<639::AID-JOB3828>3.0.CO;2-9
Mintzberg H. The organization as political arena.Journal of management studies 1985; 22(2): 133-54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.1985.tb00069.x
Ferris GR, King TR. Politics in human resources decisions: A walk on the dark side. Organizational Dynamics 1991; 20(2): 59-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/0090-2616(91)90072-H
Allen RW, Madison DL, Porter LW, Renwick PA, Mayes BT. Organizational politics: Tactics and characteristics of its actors. California Management Review (pre-1986) 1979; 22(000001): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/41164852
Bacharach SB, Lawler EJ. Power and politics in organizations. Jossey-Bass 1980; p. 280.
Tushman ML. A political approach to organizations: A review and rationale. Academy of Management Review 1977; 2(2): 206-16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/AMR.1977.4409042
Falbe CM, Yukl G. Consequences for managers of using single influence tactics and combinations of tactics. Academy of Management Journal 1992; 35(3): 638-52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/256490
Jawahar IM, Meurs JA, Ferris GR, Hochwarter WA. Self-efficacy and political skill as comparative predictors of task and contextual performance: A two-study constructive replication. Human Performance 2008; 21(2): 138-57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08959280801917685
Blickle G, Ferris GR, Munyon TP, Momm T, Zettler I, Schneider PB, et al. A multi-source, multi-study investigation of job performance prediction by political skill.Applied Psychology 2011; 60(3): 449-74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-0597.2011.00443.x
Todd SY, Harris KJ, Harris RB, Wheeler AR. Career success implications of political skill. The Journal of Social Psychology 2009; 149(3): 279-304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3200/SOCP.149.3.279-304
Cohen A, Vigoda E, Samorly A. Analysis of the Mediating Effect of Personal-Psychological Variables on the Relationship Between Socioeconomic Status and Political Participation: A Structural Equations Framework. Political Psychology 2001; 22(4): 727-57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0162-895X.00260
Darr W, Johns G. Political decision-making climates: Theoretical processes and multi-level antecedents. Human Relations 2004; 57(2): 169-200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018726704042926
Vigoda E, Vinarski-Peretz H, Ben-Zion E. Politics and image in the organizational landscape: An empirical examination among public sector employees. Journal of Managerial Psychology 2003; 18(8): 764-87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02683940310511872
Ferris GR, Russ GS, Fandt PM. Politics in organizations 1989 [cited 2016 Feb 22
Cropanzano R, Howes JC, Grandey AA, Toth P. The relationship of organizational politics and support to work behaviors, attitudes, and stress. Journal of Organizational Behavior 1997; 18(2): 159-80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1379(199703)18: 2<159: : AID-JOB795>3.0.CO; 2-D
Vigoda E. Reactions to organizational politics: A cross-cultural examination in Israel and Britain. Human Relations 2001; 54(11): 1483-518. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00187267015411004
Kacmar KM, Ferris GR. Perceptions of organizational politics scale (POPS): Development and construct validation. Educational and Psychological measurement 1991; 51(1): 193-205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013164491511019
Zhou J, Ferris GR. The Dimensions and consequences of organizational Politics perceptions: A confirmatory analysis1. Journal of Applied Social Psychology 1995; 25(19): 1747-64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.1995.tb01816.x
Kacmar KM, Carlson DS. Further validation of the perceptions of politics scale (POPS): A multiple sample investigation. Journal of Management 1997; 23(5): 627-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0149-2063(97)90019-2
Drory A, Romm T. Politics in organization and its perception within the organization. Organization Studies 1988; 9(2): 165-79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/017084068800900202
Drory A, Romm T. The definition of organizational politics: A review. Human relations 1990; 43(11): 1133-54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001872679004301106
Salovey P, Mayer JD. Emotional Intelligence.Imagination, Cognition and Personality 1990; 9(3): 185-211. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/DUGG-P24E-52WK-6CDG
Mayer JD, Salovey P. Emotional Development And Emotional Intelligence: Educational Implications. 1 edition. New York: Basic Books 1997; p. 288.
Goleman D. Emotional Intelligence: Why It Can Matter More Than IQ. New York: Bantam Books 1995; p. 384.
Daus CS, Ashkanasy NM. Will the real emotional intelligence please stand up? On deconstructing the emotional intelligence “debate.” The Industrial-Organizational Psychologist 2003; 41(2): 69-72.
Zeidner M, Matthews G, Roberts RD. Emotional Intelligence in the Workplace: A Critical Review. Applied Psychology 2004; 53(3): 371-99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-0597.2004.00176.x
Conte JM. A review and critique of emotional intelligence measures. J Organiz Behav 2005; 26(4): 433-40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/job.319
Murphy KR. Four Conclusions About Emotional Intelligence. [Internet
Elfenbein HA. Emotion in Organizations: A Review in Stages [Internet
Locke EA. Why emotional intelligence is an invalid concept. J Organiz Behav 2005; 26: 425-31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/job.318
Wong C-S, Law KS. The effects of leader and follower emo-tional intelligence on performance and attitude: An explora-tory study. The Leadership Quarterly 2002; 13(3): 243-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1048-9843(02)00099-1
Gotsis GN, Kortezi Z. Ethical considerations in organizational politics: Expanding the perspective. Journal of Business Ethics 2010; 93(4): 497-517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10551-009-0241-7
Shrestha AK. Perceptions of organizational politics and employee outcomes: A study in Nepali banking and financial institutions. Saarbucken, Germany: LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing 2012.
Vigoda E, Drory A. Handbook of organizational politics. Edward Elgar Publishing 2006.
Ferris GR, Anthony WP, Kolodinsky RW, Gilmore DC, Harvey MGS, Wankel C, et al. Development of political skill. Rethinking management education for the 21st century 2002; 1: 3-25.
Greenidge D, Devonish D, Alleyne P. The relationship between ability-based emotional intelligence and contextual performance and counterproductive work behaviors: A test of the mediating effects of job satisfaction. Human Performance 2014; 27(3): 225-42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08959285.2014.913591
AlMazrouei SAS, Dahalan N, Faiz MH. The Impact of Emotional Intelligence Dimensions on Employee Engagement. International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 2015; 3(1): 376-87.
Julian A. HEXACO Personality Traits and Perceptions of Organizational Politics as Predictors of Workplace Revenge [Internet
Economic Survey of Pakistan. Ministry of Finance, Government of Pakistan; 2014. Available from: http://www.finance.gov. pk/survey_1415.html
Khattak JK, Khan MA, Haq AU, Arif M, Minhas AA. Occupational stress and burnout in Pakistan’s banking sector. African Journal of Business Management 2011; 5(3): 810.
Rahim SH. Emotional Intelligence and Stress: An Analytical Study of Pakistan Banks. International Journal of Trade, Economics and Finance, 2010; 1(2): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/IJTEF.2010.V1.35
Javed A, Gulzar A, Hussain W. Organizational Politics and Bank Frontline employee Outcomes with the Mediating Role of Work Engagement. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences 2015; 5(3): 225.
Parker CP, Dipboye RL, Jackson SL. Perceptions of organizational politics: An investigation of antecedents and consequences. Journal of Management 1995; 21(5): 891-912. https://doi.org/10.1016/0149-2063(95)90046-2
Law KS, Wong C-S, Song LJ. The Construct and Criterion Validity of Emotional Intelligence and Its Potential Utility for Management Studies. Journal of Applied Psychology 2004; 89(3): 483-96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.89.3.483
Agrawal K. Emotional Intelligence and Organizational Politics-An overview. International Journal of Business Management & Research 2013; 3(3): 101-10.
Joseph DL, Newman DA. Emotional Intelligence: An integrative meta-analysis and cascading model. Journal of Applied Psychology 2010; 95(1): 54 http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0017286
Dulewicz V, Higgs M. Can emotional intelligence be developed? The International Journal of Human Resource Management 2004; 15(1): 95-111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0958519032000157366
Slaski M, Cartwright S. Emotional intelligence training and its implications for stress, health and performance. Stress and Health 2003; 19(4): 233-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smi.979
Chen H-G, Yu-Chih Liu J, Shin Sheu T, Yang M-H. The impact of financial services quality and fairness on customer satisfaction.Managing Service Quality: An International Journal 2012; 22(4): 399-421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09604521211253496
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2017 Jamil Ahmad, Hafiz Muhammad Waqas Akhtar, Hifz ur Rahman, Rao Muhammad Imran , Noor ul Ain