Keywords
How to Cite
Abstract
Schiff bases are substances prepared generally by the condensation reaction of aldehydes or ketones with amines. They may have substituted aliphatic or aromatic side chains, and hence show extensive biological activities. It is reported that these molecules play an important role in the synthesis of various drugs. This paper focus on the biological activities of Schiff bases of various types and hence makes them important precursors in designing drugs for medical treatment. The biological applications of Schiff bases can be extended from antimicrobial, plant growth regulator, antioxidant, enzymatic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-malarial, antiviral, neuroprotective, analgesic, anti-convulsant to neurotoxic activities. They also serve as a dominant class of ligands with a variety of binding sites for coordination with metals.
References
Sahu R, Thakur D, Kashyap P. Schiff base: An overview of its medicinal chemistry potential for new drug molecules. Int J Pharm Sci Nanotech 2012; 5: 1757-64.
Desai S?, Desai P, Desai K. Synthesis of some Schiff bases, thiazolidinones and azetidinones derived from 2, 6-diaminobenzo [1, 2-d: 4, 5-d'
Kumar S, Dhar DN, Saxena P. Applications of metal complexes of Schiff bases—a review. Journal of scientific and industrial research 2009; 68(3): 181-7.
Naeimi H, Safari J, Heidarnezhad A. Synthesis of Schiff base ligands derived from condensation of salicylaldehyde derivatives and synthetic diamine. Dyes and Pigments 2007; 73(2): 251-3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dyepig.2005.12.009
Ashraf MA, Mahmood K, Wajid A, Maah MJ, Yusoff I, editors. Synthesis, characterization and biological Activity of Schiff Bases. International Conference on Chemistry and Chemical Process; 2011.
Brodowska K, ?odyga-Chru?ci?ska E. Schiff bases–interesting range of applications in various fields of science. CHEMIK nauka-technika-rynek 2014; 1(68): 129-34.
Ehmann DE, Jahi? H, Ross PL, Gu R-F, Hu J, Kern G, et al. Avibactam is a covalent, reversible, non–?-lactam ?-lactamase inhibitor. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2012; 109(29): 11663-8. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1205073109
MOHAMED GG, Omar MM, Hindy AM. Metal complexes of Schiff bases: preparation, characterization, and biological activity. Turkish Journal of Chemistry 2006; 30(3): 361-82.
Ali A, Abdullah N, Maah MJ. Synthesis, Characterization and Antioxidant Studies on 4-Phenyl-1, 3, 5-triazine-2, 6-diamine Schiff Bases and Their Nickel (II), Copper (II) and Zinc (II) Complexes. Asian Journal of Chemistry 2013; 25(6): 3105.
Rajarajana M, Senbagama R, Vijayakumara R, Balajia S, Manikandana V, Vanangamudi G, et al. Synthesis, spectral correlations and antimicrobial activities of substituted 4-((E)-2-benzylidenehydrazinyl) benzonitriles. Indian Journal of Chemistry 2016; 55: 197-206.
Yangang W, Xiaoyuan Y, Bingxi L, Wenfa Y, Sheng W. Synthesis and plant hormone activity of Schiff bases ester of 5-aminotriazole-3-carboxylic acid. Chemical Reagents 2001; 23(5): 257-8.
Song X, Wang Z, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Chen C, editors. Synthesis and biological activity of Schiff bases of 2-amino-5-(4-pyridyl)-1, 3, 4-thiodiazol, Yingyong Huaxue, 22 (2005) 334-336. Chem Abstr; 2005.
Ye X-X, Chen Z-F, Zhang A-J, Zhang L-X. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Some Novel Schiff’s Bases from 1, 2, 4-Triazole. Molecules 2007; 12(6): 1202-9. https://doi.org/10.3390/12061202
Raweh S, Bayach I, Taha M, Baharudin MS, Di Meo F, Hasan MH, et al. Antioxidant properties of phenolic Schiff bases: structure–activity relationship and mechanism of action. Journal of computer-aided molecular design 2013; 27(11): 951-64. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10822-013-9692-0
Al-Amiery AA, Al-Majedy YK, Ibrahim HH, Al-Tamimi AA. Antioxidant, antimicrobial, and theoretical studies of the thiosemicarbazone derivative Schiff base 2-(2-imino-1-methylimidazolidin-4-ylidene) hydrazinecarbothioamide (IMHC). Organic and medicinal chemistry letters 2012; 2(1): 1. https://doi.org/10.1186/2191-2858-2-4
Al-Garawi ZSM, Tomi IHR, Al-Daraji AHR. Synthesis and characterization of new amino acid-schiff bases and studies their effects on the activity of ACP, PAP and NPA enzymes (In vitro). Journal of Chemistry 2012; 9(2): 962-9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/218675
Jesmin M, Ali M, Khanam J. Antitumour activities of some schiff bases derived from benzoin, salicylaldehyde, amino phenol and 2, 4 dinitrophenyl hydrazine. Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2010; 34(1).
Ozaslan M, Karagoz ID, Kilic IH, Guldur ME. Ehrlich ascites carcinoma. African Journal of Biotechnology 2013; 10(13): 2375-8.
Wani WA, Al-Othman Z, Ali I, Saleem K, Hsieh M-F. Copper (II), nickel (II), and ruthenium (III) complexes of an oxopyrrolidine-based heterocyclic ligand as anticancer agents. Journal of Coordination Chemistry 2014; 67(12): 2110-30. https://doi.org/10.1080/00958972.2014.931947
Sondhi SM, Arya S, Rani R, Kumar N, Roy P. Synthesis, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activity evaluation of some mono-and bis-Schiff’s bases. Medicinal Chemistry Research 2012; 21(11): 3620-8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00044-011-9899-3
Van Draanen NA, Freeman GA, Short SA, Harvey R, Jansen R, Szczech G, et al. Synthesis and antiviral activity of 2'-deoxy-4'-thio purine nucleosides. Journal of medicinal chemistry 1996; 39(2): 538-42. https://doi.org/10.1021/jm950701k
Pang R, Zhang C, Yuan D, Yang M. Design and SAR of new substituted purines bearing aryl groups at N9 position as HIV-1 Tat–TAR interaction inhibitors. Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry 2008; 16(17): 8178-86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2008.07.043
Colacio-Rodriguez E, Lopez-Gonzalez J, Salas-Peregrin J. 1, 3, 8-trimethylxanthine complexes of Cu (II), Zn (II), Cd (II), and Hg (II). Canadian journal of chemistry 1983; 61(11): 2506-8. https://doi.org/10.1139/v83-432
Meerbach A, Holý A, Wutzler P, De Clercq E, Neyts J. Inhibitory Effects of Novel Nucleoside and Nucleotide Analogues on Epstein—Barr Virus Replication. Antiviral Chemistry and Chemotherapy 1998; 9(3): 275-82. https://doi.org/10.1177/095632029800900309
Fleysher M, Bernacki R, Bullard G. Some short-chain N6-substituted adenosine analogs with antitumor properties. Journal of medicinal chemistry 1980; 23(12): 1448-52. https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00186a031
Smith CJ, Zhang Y, Koboldt CM, Muhammad J, Zweifel BS, Shaffer A, et al. Pharmacological analysis of cyclooxygenase-1 in inflammation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 1998; 95(22): 13313-8. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.95.22.13313
Murtaza G, Mumtaz A, Khan FA, Ahmad S, Azhar S, Najam-Ul-Haq M, et al. Recent pharmacological advancements in schiff bases: A review. Acta Pol Pharm 2014; 71: 531-5.
Nargund L, Reddy G, Hariprasad V. Anti?inflammatory activity of substituted 1, 3, 4?Oxadiazoles. Journal of pharmaceutical sciences 1994; 83(2): 246-8. https://doi.org/10.1002/jps.2600830226
Turner RA. Screening methods in pharmacology: Elsevier; 2013.
Sathe BS, Jaychandran E, Jagtap V, Sreenivasa G. Synthesis characterization and anti-inflammatory evaluation of new fluorobenzothiazole schiff’s bases. Int J Pharm Res Dev 2011; 3(3): 164-9.
Hussein MA, Omar RH, Farghaly HS. Design, synthesis, structure elucidation and biochemical evaluation of some novel anti-inflammatory schiff's bases derivatives bearing pyrazolo [3, 4-D
Rana K, Pandurangan A, Singh N, Tiwari AK. A systemic review of schiff bases as an analgesic, anti-inflammatory. Int J Curr Pharm Res 2012; 4: 5-11.
Kalluraya B, Aamir S, Shabaraya A. Regioselective reaction: synthesis, characterization and pharmacological activity of some new Mannich and Schiff bases containing sydnone. European journal of medicinal chemistry 2012; 54: 597-604. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.06.011
da Silva CM, da Silva DL, Modolo LV, Alves RB, de Resende MA, Martins CV, et al. Schiff bases: a short review of their antimicrobial activities. Journal of Advanced research 2011; 2(1): 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jare.2010.05.004
Dutta B, Some S, Ray JK. Thermal cyclization of 3-arylamino-3-(2-nitrophenyl)-propenal Schiff base hydrochlorides followed by triethyl phosphite mediated deoxygenation: a facile synthesis of quindolines. Tetrahedron letters 2006; 47(3): 377-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.11.007
Rathelot P, Vanelle P, Gasquet M, Delmas F, Crozet M, Timon-David P, et al. Synthesis of novel functionalized 5-nitroisoquinolines and evaluation of in vitro antimalarial activity. European journal of medicinal chemistry 1995; 30(6): 503-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/0223-5234(96)88261-4
De Clercq E. Strategies in the design of antiviral drugs. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 2002; 1(1): 13-25. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrd703
Pandeya S, Sriram D, Nath G, Clercq ED. Synthesis, Antibacterial, Antifungal And Anti-HIV Activity Of Schiff And Mannich Bases Of Istain With N-[6-Chlorobenzothiazol-2-yl
Kumar KS, Ganguly S, Veerasamy R, De Clercq E. Synthesis, antiviral activity and cytotoxicity evaluation of Schiff bases of some 2-phenyl quinazoline-4 (3) H-ones. European journal of medicinal chemistry 2010; 45(11): 5474-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2010.07.058
Patel RN, Patel P, Desai K, Purohit P, Nimavat K, Vyas K. Synthesis of new heterocyclic schiff base, thiazolidinone and azetidinone compounds and their antibacterial activity and anti-hiv activities. Heterocyclic Letters 2012; 2(1): 99-105.
Sriram D, Yogeeswari P, Myneedu NS, Saraswat V. Abacavir prodrugs: Microwave-assisted synthesis and their evaluation of anti-HIV activities. Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters 2006; 16(8): 2127-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2006.01.050
Jarrahpour A, Sheikh J, El Mounsi I, Juneja H, Hadda TB. Computational evaluation and experimental in vitro antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral activity of bis-Schiff bases of isatin and its derivatives. Medicinal Chemistry Research 2013; 22(3): 1203-11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00044-012-0127-6
Koufaki M, Kiziridi C, Nikoloudaki F, Alexis MN. Design and synthesis of 1, 2-dithiolane derivatives and evaluation of their neuroprotective activity. Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters 2007; 17(15): 4223-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.05.036
Pandeya S, Rajput N. Synthesis and Analgesic Activity of Mannich & Schiff Bases of 1, 5-Benzodiazepines. Indo Global Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2012; 2(1): 76-84.
Sondhi SM, Singh N, Kumar A, Lozach O, Meijer L. Synthesis, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and kinase (CDK-1, CDK-5 and GSK-3) inhibition activity evaluation of benzimidazole/benzoxazole derivatives and some Schiff’s bases. Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry 2006; 14(11): 3758-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2006.01.054
Chinnasamy RP, Sundararajan R, Govindaraj S. Synthesis, characterization, and analgesic activity of novel schiff base of isatin derivatives. Journal of advanced pharmaceutical technology & research 2010; 1(3): 342. https://doi.org/10.4103/0110-5558.72428
Kulkarni A, Wankhede S, Dhawale N, Yadav P, Deore V, Gonjari I. Synthesis, characterization and biological behavior of some Schiff’s and Mannich base derivatives of Lamotrigine. Arabian Journal of Chemistry 2012.
Aly MM, Mohamed YA, El-Bayouki KA, Basyouni WM, Abbas SY. Synthesis of some new 4 (3H)-quinazolinone-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazones and their metal complexes and a study on their anticonvulsant, analgesic, cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities–Part-1. European journal of medicinal chemistry 2010; 45(8): 3365-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2010.04.020
Bhat MA, Al-Omar MA. Synthesis, characterization and in vivo anticonvulsant and neurotoxicity screening of Schiff bases of phthalimide. Acta poloniae pharmaceutica 2011; 68(3): 375-80.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2018 Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences