Keywords
Legume
Colonization
Edhapic condition
Rhizosphere
Underground networkig
How to Cite
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) colonization in five tropical forest tree legumes (Gliricidia sepium, Dalbergia sissoo, Indigofera tysmanii, Delonix regia and Samanea saman) was investigated in Chittagong University (CU) campus. The results of the present study clearly suggests that, Vesicular AM fungi (VAM) are common in all the studied forest tree species, and that the studied forest tree species differ in their rates of AM formation. The intensity of colonization is maximum (98%) in I. tysmonii followed by D. sissoo (95%), D. regia (63%), S. saman (59%) and G. sepium (52%). Coiled structures of hyphae were recorded in D. regia. Arbuscule formation was recorded in D. sissooand in I. tysmonii. Mycorrhizal spores were found in rhizosphere soils of all the sites. Glomus, Acaulospora, Entrophospora and Gigaspora spores were identified in all the hosts. Forest plants differ in their rates of AM formation. Edhapic conditions like moisture content, soil pH also influence the extent of root colonization.
Keyword: Mycorrhizae, Legume, Colonization, Edhapic condition, Rhizosphere, Underground networking.
References
Whitefield J. Fungal roles in soil ecology: Underground networking. Nature 2007; 449: 136-38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/449136a
Read DJ, Perez-Moreno J. Mycorrhizas and nutrient cycling in ecosystems — a journey towards relevance? New Phytol 2003; 157: 475-92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-8137.2003.00704.x
Smith SE, Read DJ. Mycorrhizal Symbiosis, Academic Press, London, UK. 2008; p. 800.
van der Heijden MGA, Bardgett RD, van Straalen NM. The unseen majority: soil microbes as drivers of plant diversity and productivity in terrestrial ecosystems. Ecol Lett 2008; 11: 296-10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2007.01139.x
Simard SW, Perry DA, Jones MD, Myrold DD, Durall DM, Molina R. Net transfer of carbon between ectomycorrhizal tree species in the field. Nature 1997; 388: 579-82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/41557
Sikes BA, Cottenie K, Klironomos JN. Plant and fungal identity determines pathogen protection of plant roots by arbuscular mycorrhizas. J Ecol 2009; 97: 1274-80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2009.01557.x
Dickie IA, Koide RT, Steiner KC. Influences of established trees on mycorrhizas, nutrition, and growth of Quercus rubra seedlings. Ecol Monogr 2002; 72: 505-21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/0012-9615(2002)072[0505:IOETOM
Mridha MAU. Status of mycorrhizal research in Bangladesh. In: Mycorrhizae for Green Asia, Proceedings of the First Asian Conference on Mycorrhizae, Mahadevan A. Raman N. Natarajan K, Eds. Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, University of Madras, India, 1988; pp. 1-2.
Mridha MAU, Begum N, Begum F. Studies on vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi of tea and associated legumes. In: Mycorrhizae: bio-fertilizers for the future, Proceedings of the Third National Conference on Mycorrhiza. Adholeya A. Singh S (eds.). Tata Energy Research Institute, New Delhi, India, 1995; pp. 8-11.
Mahmud R, Mridha MAU, Osman KT, Xu HL, Umemura H. Relationship between edaphic factors aubuscular mycorrhizal fungi in soils of rubber plantation. The 207th Annual Meeting of Japanese Society of Crop Science, Tokyo. Jpn J Crop Sci 1999; 68(Extra 1): 244-45.
Dhar PP, Mridha MAU. Biodiversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in different trees of madhupur forest, Bangladesh. J Forestry Res 2006; 17: 201-205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11676-006-0047-8
Mridha MAU, Dhar PP. Biodiversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization and spore population in different agroforestry trees and crop species growing in Dinajpur, Bangladesh. J Forestry Res 2007; 18: 91-96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11676-007-0018-8
Phillips JM, Hayman DS. Improved procedures for clearing roots and staining parasitic and vasicular-arbuscular mycorhizal fungi for rapid assessment of infection. Trans Br Mycol Soc 1970; 55:158-68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0007-1536(70)80110-3
Mridha MAU, Sultana A, Sultana N, Xu HL, Umemura H. Bio-diversity of VA mycaorrhizal fungi of some vegetable crops in Bangladesh. In: World Food Security and Crop Production Technologies for Tomorrow, Proceedings of international symposium on world food security and crop production technologies for tomorrow. Horie T. Geng S. Amano T. Inamura T. Shiraiwa T (eds.). Kyoto, Japan, 1999; pp. 330-331.
Gerdemann JW, Nicolson TH. Spores of mycorrhizal Endogone species extracted from soil by wet sieving and decanting. Trans Br Mycol Soc 1963; 46: 235-44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0007-1536(63)80079-0
Schenck NC, Perez Y. Manual for the identification of VA-mycorrhizal fungi. Synergistic Publications, USA, 1990; p. 286.
Gerdemann JW, Trappe JM. The Endogonaceae in the Pacific Northwest. Mycologia Memoir, No. 5. The New York Botanical Garden, New York. 1974; p. 76.
Blaszkowski J. The occurrence of the Endogonaceae in Poland. Agril Ecosy Envin 1989; 29: 45-50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-8809(90)90252-9
Dalal S, Hippalgaonkar KV. The occurrence of vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in arable soils of Konkan and Solapur. In: Mycorrhizae: Biofertilizers for the Future (eds.) Adholeya A. Singh S.. Tata Energy Reseach Institute, New Delhi, India. 1995; pp. 3-7.
Rahman MS. Status of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Colonization in Teak (Tectona grandis L.) Seedlings Grown from Pre-sowing Treated Seeds. Review Paper, Institute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, Chittagong University, Bangladesh, 2001; p. 55.
Al-Agely AK, Reeves FB. Inland sand dune mycorrhizae: effects of soil depth, moisture, and pH on colonization of Oryzopsis hymenoides. Mycologia 1995; 87: 54-60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3760946
Muthukumar T, Udaiyan K, Manian S. Role of edaphic factors on VAM fungal colonizations and spore populations in certain tropical wild legumes. Pertanika J Trop Agric Sci 1994; 17: 22-42.
Allen EB, Allen MF, Helm DJ, Trappe JM, Molina R, Rincon E. Patterns and regulation of mycorrhizal plant and fungal diversity. Plant Soil 1995; 170: 47-62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02183054
Rahman MS, Mridha MAU, Islam SMN, Haque SMS, Dhar PP, Shah SK. Status of arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization in certain tropical forest tree legume seedlings. Indian Forester 2003; 129: 371-76.