Phytochemical Investigation and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Foeniculum vulgare Leaves Extract Ingredient of Ethiopian Local Liquor
PDF

Keywords

Antimicrobial activities
Disc diffusion method
phytochemical screening
anethole
estragole
GC-MS
Essential oil
Apiaceae

How to Cite

Seid, M., Dekebo, A., & Babu, N. (2018). Phytochemical Investigation and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Foeniculum vulgare Leaves Extract Ingredient of Ethiopian Local Liquor . Journal of Pharmacy and Nutrition Sciences, 8(1), 20–28. https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-5951.2018.08.01.4

Abstract

Medicinal plants are of great interest to the researcher in the field of biotechnology, as natural products, including medicinal plants, accounts 25% of prescribed drugs. Plants are sources for fragrances, drink colors and flavors in several countries including Ethiopia. All parts of Foeniculum vulgare were traditionally used as antispasmodic, aromatic, carminative, digestive, galactagogues, stomach and kidney ailment. Foeniculum vulgare leaves extract was investigated for its phytochemicals as well as antimicrobial effects. The petroleum ether, CHCl3, CHCl3/CH3OH (1:1) and CH3OH crude extract were subjected to phytochemicals screening test which revealed that it is rich in any primary and secondary metabolites such as steroids, tannins, flavonoids, cholesterol, terpenoids, saponins, phenols, cardiac glycosides, carbohydrates, and proteins. The essential oil of the plant leaves was investigated by GC?MS and was found to have (64.92%) anethole, as a major constituent followed by (30.88%) estragole and (3.21%) fenchyl acetate. The crude extracts, oil, and the isolated compound were tested against four bacterial species (Gram negative bacteria, Escherichia coli and Shigella flexneri; Gram positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyrogenes) and two fungal species (Fusarium oxysporum and Aspergillus niger) using paper disc diffusion method. Tests of antimicrobial activity showed that all crude extracts and isolated pure compound were active against all the tested bacterial and fungal species. However, the hydrodistillation extract was found to have no antibacterial activity towards the tested bacterial species but active against the two fungal species and thus the present study supported the traditional claims of the plant.

https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-5951.2018.08.01.4
PDF

References

Valero M, Salmeron MC. Antibacterial activity of 11 essential oils against Bacillus cereus in tyndallized carrot broth. Int J Food Microbiol 2003; 85: 73-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1605(02)00484-1

Miura K, Kikuzaki H, Nakatani N. Antioxidant activity of chemical components from sage (Saliva officinalis L.) and oregano (Thymus vulgaris L.) measured by the oil stability index methods. J Agric Food Chem 2002; 50: 1845-1851. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf011314o

Craig WJ. Health-promoting properties of common herbs. Am J Clin Nutr 1999; 70: 491S-499S.

Hernandes F, Madrid J, Garcia V, Orengo J, Megias MD. Influence of two-plant extract on broiler performance, Digestibility and digestive organ size. Poult Sci 2004; 83: 169-174. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/83.2.169

El-Deek AA, Attia YA, Hannfy M. Effect of anise (Pimpinella anisium), ginger (Zingiber officinale roscoe) and Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) and their mixture on performance of broilers. Archiv fur Geflugelkunde 2003; 67: 92-96.

Diaz-Maroto MC, Hidalgo IJD, Saanchez-Palomo E, Perez-Coello MS. Volatile components and key odorants of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) Oil extracts obtained by simultaneous distillation–extraction and supercritical fluid extraction. J Agric Food Chem 2005; 53: 5385-5389. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf050340+

Ayoola GA, Coker HAB, Adesegum SA, Adepoju-Bello AA, Obaweya K, Ezennia, EC, Atangbayila TO. Phytochemical screening and antioxidant activities of some selected medicinal plants used for malaria therapy in Southwestern Nigeria. Trop J Pharm Res 2008; 7: 1019-1024.

Santhi R, Lakshmi G, Priyadharshini AM, Anandaraj L. Phytochemical Screening of Nerium oleander leaves and Momordica charantia leaves. Int Res J Pharm 2011; 2: 131-135.

Edeoga HA, Okwu DE, Mbaebie BO. Phytochemical constituents of some Nigerian medicinal plants. Afr J Biotechnol 2005; 4: 685-688. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB2005.000-3127

Laport MS, Marinho PR, Silva Santos OC, Almeida P, Villela Romanos MT, Muricy G, Paiva Brito MA, Giambiagi-deMarval M. Antimicrobial activity of marine sponges against coagulase negative Staphylococci isolated from Bovine mastitis. J Vet Microbiol 2012; 155: 362-368. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.09.004

Nwinyi OC, Chinedu NS, Ajani OO, Ikpo CO, Ogunniran KO. Anti bacterial effects of extracts of Ocimum gratissimum and piper guineense on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Afr J Food Sci 2009; 3: 077-081.

Adams RP. Identification of essential oil components by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry. 3rd ed. Allured Publishing: Carol stream, III, USA; 2004.

Anethole. Available from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Anethole Accessed 16 May 2017.

Estragole. Available from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Estragole Accessed 16 May 2017.

Fahlbusch KG, Hammerschmidt FJ, Panten J, Pickenhagen W, Schatkowski D, Bauer K, Garbe D, Surburg H. Flavors and Fragrances in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim 2002; Published online: 15 January 2003; Accessed on 16 May 2017.

De M, De AK, Sen P, Banerjee AB. Antimicrobial properties of star anise (Illicium verum Hook f). Phytother Res 2002; 16: 94-95. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.989

Knio KM, Usta J, Dagher S, Zournajian H, Kreydiyyeh S. Larvicidal activity of essential oils extracted from commonly used herbs in Lebanon against the seaside mosquito, Ochlerotatus caspius. Bioresour Technol 2008; 99: 763-768. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2007.01.026

Cheng SS, Liu JY, Tsai KH, Chen WJ, Chang ST. Chemical composition and mosquito larvicidal activity of essential oils from leaves of different Cinnamomum osmophloeum provenances. J Agric Food Chem 2004; 52: 4395-4400. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0497152

Morais SM, Cavalcanti ES, Bertini LM, Oliveira CL, Rodrigues JR, Cardoso JH. Larvicidal activity of essential oils from Brazilian Croton species against Aedes aegypti L. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 2006; 22: 161-164. https://doi.org/10.2987/8756-971X(2006)22[161:LAOEOF

Bernath J, Nemeth E, Kattaa A, Hethelyi E. Morphological and chemical evaluation of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) population of different origin. J Essent Oil Res 1996; 8: 247-253. https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1996.9700610

Raghavan S. Hand book of spices, seasoning and flavourings. 2nd Ed. CRC Press Taylor and Franci group, CRC press, Boca Raton, New York 2006; p. 63-64, 104-105,107-109. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420004366

Cosge B, Kiralan M, Gurbuz B. Characteristics of fatty acids and essential oil from sweet fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill. var. dulce) and bitter fennel fruits (F. Vulgare Mill.var. vulgare) growing in turkey. Nat Prod Res 2008; 22: 1011-1016. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786410801980675

Ibezim EC. Microbial resistance to antibiotics. Afr J Biotechnol 2005; 4: 1606-1611.

Delaquis PJ, Stanich K, Girard B, Mazza G. Antimicrobial activity of individual and mixed fractions of dill, cilantro, coriander and eucalyptus essential oils. Int J Food Microbiol 2002; 74: 101-109. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1605(01)00734-6

Liu Y, Fu X, Shen J, Zhang H, Hong W, Chang Z. Periplasmic proteins of Escherichia coli are highly resistant to aggregation: reappraisal for roles of molecular chaperones in Periplasmic. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004; 316: 795-801. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.02.125

Salton MR. The adsorption of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide by bacteria, its action in releasing cellular constituents and its bactericidal effects. J Gen Microbiol 1951; 5: 391-404. https://doi.org/10.1099/00221287-5-2-391

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

Copyright (c) 2018 Aman Dekebo, Neelaiah Babu, Mohammed Seid