Keywords
How to Cite
Abstract
Background: Low birth weight (LBW) is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality besides preterm birth. Proper interventions during pregnancy can prevent an adverse pregnancy outcome. This study aims to see the effect of Moringa leaf capsule on birth weight.
Methods: This study was double blind randomized controlled trial (DB-RCT) which consisted of three groups namely, Moringa powder (PG), Moringa extract (EG), and iron-folate (IG) groups. The intervention was given for 12 weeks. The samples were 453 pregnant women in six sub-districts in Jeneponto Regency. Data on birth weight and placental weight were measured by trained midwives. The weight of the placenta was measured to determine the placental ratio to birth weight. In addition, some socio-economic variables such as age, gestational age, eating frequency, smoking, and Hb levels were measured in this study. Logistic and linear regression were conducted in this study.
Result: The Moringa leaf supplementation groups (PG and EG) delivered child with better weight than iron supplementation (3240.03±453.82, 3161.91±527.70, 3100.89±412.15, respectively). The placenta to birth weight ratio (PBWR) showed that IG group became lowest, merely 16.19%. The most influenced factor to LBW is the unhappiness of the women with her pregnancy (OR = 26.3, 95% CI = 1.227 - 566.474, p = 0.037).
Conclusion: Moringa powder supplementation can be used as an alternative in improving new born baby weight. Pregnant women need to be happy and avoid stress to prevent LBW.
References
ASEAN. ASEAN Statistical Report on Millennium Development Goals 2017 2017.
Black RE, Victora CG, Walker SP, Bhutta ZA, Christian P, De Onis M, et al. Maternal and child undernutrition and overweight in low-income and middle-income countries. Lancet 2013; 382(9890): 427-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60937-X
Siqueira FM, Cota LOM, Costa JE, Haddad JPA, Lana ÂMQ, Costa FO. Intrauterine Growth Restriction, Low Birth Weight, and Preterm Birth: Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes and Their Association With Maternal Periodontitis. J Periodontol [Internet
Bhutta ZA, Das JK, Rizvi A, Gaffey MF, Walker N, Horton S, et al. Evidence-based interventions for improvement of maternal and child nutrition: What can be done and at what cost? Lancet 2013; 382(9890): 452-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60996-4
Ruel MT, Alderman H. Nutrition-sensitive interventions and programmes: How can they help to accelerate progress in improving maternal and child nutrition? Lancet [Internet
Gruszfeld D, Socha P. Early nutrition and health: short- and long-term outcomes. World Rev Nutr Diet 2013; 108: 32-9. https://doi.org/10.1159/000351482
Muqni AD, Arundhana AI, Thaha AR, Hadju V, Jafar N. Maternal preconception body mass index and gestational weight gain: A prospective cohort study potentially to prevent low birth weight. Indian J Public Heal Res Dev 2017; 8(4).
Nadimin, Hadju V, As’ad S, Buchari A. The Extract of Moringa Leaf Has an Equivalent Effect to Iron Folic Acid in Increasing Hemoglobin Levels of Pregnant Women?: A randomized Control Study in the Coastal Area of Makassar. Int J Sci Basic Appl Res 2015; 22(1): 287-94.
Khuzaimah A, Hadju V, As S, Abdullah N, Bahar B, Riu DS. Effect of Honey and Moringa Oleifera Leaf Extracts Supplementation for Preventing DNA Damage in Passive Smoking Pregnancy. Int J Sci Basic Appl Res 2015; 24(1): 138-45.
Iskandar I, Hadju V, As S, Natsir R. Effect of Moringa Oleifera Leaf Extracts Supplementation in Preventing Maternal Anemia and. Int J Sci Res Publ 2015; 5(2): 5-7.
UNICEF/WHO. Low birthweight: country, regional, and global estimates 2004.
Sharma M, Mishra S. Maternal risk factors and consequences of low birth weight in Infants. IOSR J Humanit Soc Sci 2013; 13(4): 39-45. https://doi.org/10.9790/0837-1343945
Litbangkes. Laporan Nasional Riset Kesehatan Dasar (RISKESDAS) tahun 2013. Jakarta; 2014.
Mahumud RA, Sultana M, Sarker AR. Distribution and Determinants of Low Birth Weight in Developing Countries. J Prev Med Public Heal 2017; 50: 18-28. https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.16.087
Panti AA, Ekele BA, Nwobodo EI, Yakubu A. The relationship between the weight of the placenta and birth weight of the neonate in a Nigerian Hospital. Niger Med J [Internet
Restu S, Sumiaty S, Irmawati I, Sundari S. Relationship of Chronic Energy Deficiency in Pregnant Women with Low Birth Weight Newborn in Central Sulawesi Province. Int J Sci Basic Appl Res 2017; 36(2): 252-9.
WHO. Nutrition of women in the preconception period, during pregnancy and the breastfeeding period. World Health Organization 2011.
Han Z, Lutsiv O, Mulla S, Rosen A, Beyene J, McDonald SD. Low gestational weight gain and the risk of preterm birth and low birthweight: A systematic review and meta-analyses. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2011; 90(9): 935-54. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0412.2011.01185.x
Fuglie LJ. THE MORINGA TREE A local solution to malnutrition. WHO Rep 2005; (221).
Keeley RD, Birchard A, Dickinson P, Steiner J, Dickinson LM, Rymer S, et al. Parental Attitudes About a Pregnancy Predict Birth Weight in a Low-Income Population. Ann Fam Med 2004; 2(2): 145-9. https://doi.org/10.1370/afm.57
Nkansah-Amankara S, Luchok KJ, Hussey JR, Watkins K, Liu X. Effects of Maternal Stress on Low Birth Weight and Preterm Birth Outcomes Across Neighborhoods of South Carolina , 2000 - 2003. Matern Child Heal J 2010; 14: 215-26. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-009-0447-4
Wang P, Liou S, Cheng C. Prediction of maternal quality of life on preterm birth and low birthweight?: a longitudinal study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth [Internet
Otoluwa A, Salam A, Syauki Y, Nurhasan M, Monoarfa Y, Suryani A, et al. Effect of Moringa Oleifera Leaf Extracts Supplementations in Preventing Maternal DNA Damage. Int J Sci Res Publ 2014; 4(11): 1-3.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2018 Andi Imam Arundhana , Muhammad Syafruddin Nurdin , Veni Hadju , Ansariadi , Andi Zulkifli