Keywords
How to Cite
Abstract
Background: anemia is one of the most widespread nutritional deficiency diseases. An intervention is needed to improve Hb among pregnant women in order to avoid maternal and perinatal complication and deaths. The use of mobile control application has improved the compliance of ferrum tablet consumption. This study aimed to assess the effect of health education and mobile application control on anemia among pregnant women.
Methodology: The design of t he res earc h is quasy experimental. The study was conducted in Banten from September to December 2017. Multistage cluster sampling technique was used in this research. The samples were divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group consists of health education using a module and the mobile application program. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Wilcoxon sign rank test and independent t-test were used with alpha .05.
Results: There was a significant difference of pregnant women’s knowledge (z= -7.187, p= .005), pregnant women’s perception (z= -7.054, p= .005), and pregnant women attitude before and after intervention (z= -6.35, p= .005). There was a significant difference of family knowledge (z= -6.53, p= .005), family attitude (z= -4.56, p= .005), and family support before and after intervention (z= -7.08, p= .005). There was a difference of Hb mean between experiment and control group after the intervention (t= 7.12, p= .005).
Conclusions: health education and mobile control application program has a positive effect on anemia among pregnant women. An advocacy is required at governmental level after developing a frame of reference for understanding anemia in pregnancy.
References
WHO. (World Health Organization). Iron deficiency anemia: assessment, prevention and control. A guide for program managers. World Health 2018.
Toteja GS, Singh P, Dhillon BS, Saxena BN, Ahmed FU, Singh RP, Sarma UC. Prevalence of anemia among pregnant women and adolescent girls in 16 districts of India. Food and Nutrition Bulletin 2006; 27(4): 311-315. https://doi.org/10.1177/156482650602700405
Manuaba. Ilmu kebidanan Penyakit Kandungan dan KB. 2010. Jakarta: EGC.
Balitbang Kemenkes RI. Riset Kesehatan Dasar; RISKESDAS.2013. Jakarta: Balitbang Kemenkes RI.
Lee AI, Okam MM. Anemia in pregnancy. Hematology/Oncology Clinics, 25(2), 241-259. Sharma JB, Shankar M. Anemia in pregnancy. JIMSA 2011; 23(4): 253-260.
Scholl TO. Iron status during pregnancy: setting the stage for mother and infant. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2005; 81 (Suppl.): 1218S-22S. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/81.5.1218
Kalaivani K. Prevalence & consequences of anaemia in pregnancy. Indian J Med Res 2009; 130(5): 627-33.
Brooker S, Hotez, PJ, Bundy, DA. Hookworm-related anaemia among pregnant women: a systematic review. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases 2008; 2(9): 291. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0000291
Ayoya MA, Spiekermann-Brouwer GM, Traore AK, Stoltzfus RJ, Garza C. Determinants of anemia among pregnant women in Mali. Food and Nutrition Bulletin 2006; 27(1): 3-1. https://doi.org/10.1177/156482650602700101
Riskesdas. Riset kesehatan dasar. (Indonesia Basic Health Research). Jakarta: Badan Penelitian Dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Kementrian Kesehatan RI. 2013.
Haidar J. Prevalence of anaemia, deficiencies of iron and folic acid and their determinants in Ethiopian women. Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition 2010; 28(4): 359. https://doi.org/10.3329/jhpn.v28i4.6042
Wiradnyani LAA, Khusun H, Achadi EL, Ocviyanti D, Shankar AH. Role of family support and women’s knowledge on pregnancy-related risks in adherence to maternal iron–folic acid supplementation in Indonesia. Public health Nutrition 2016; 19(15): 2818-2828. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980016001002
Seck BC, Jackson RT. Determinants of compliance with iron supplementation among pregnant women in Senegal. Public Health Nutrition 2008; 11(6): 596-605. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980007000924
Haider BA, Olofin I, Wang M, Spiegelman D, Ezzati M, Fawzi WW. Anaemia, prenatal iron use, and risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 2013; 346: f3443. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.f3443
Statistics Indonesia, National Population and Family Planning Board, Kementerian Kesehatan et al. Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey 2012. 2012; Jakarta: BPS, BKKBN, Kemenkes and ICF International.
Dutta AJ, Patel PB, Bansal RK. Compliance to Iron Supplementa-tion Among Pregnant Women: a Cross Sectional Study in Urban Slum. Natl J Community Med 2014; 5(4): 457-62.
Lutsey PL, Dawe D, Villate E, Valencia S, Lopez O. Iron supplementation compliance among pregnant women in Bicol, Philippines. Public Health Nutrition 2008; 11(1): 76-82. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980007000237
McNabb M, Chukwu E, Ojo O, Shekhar N, Gill CJ, Salami H, Jega F. Assessment of the quality of antenatal care services provided by health workers using a mobile phone decision support application in northern Nigeria: a pre/post-intervention study. PLOS One 2015; 10(5): e0123940. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0123940
Clements MA, Staggs VS. A mobile app for synchronizing glucometer data: impact on adherence and glycemic control among youths with type 1 diabetes in routine care. Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology 2017; 11(3): 461-467. https://doi.org/10.1177/1932296817691302
Shakouri S, Sharifirad GR, Golshiri P, Hasanzadeh A, Shafe SM. Effect of health education program base on PRECEDE Model in controlling iron-deficiency anemia among high school girl students in Talesh Iran. JPMA-Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association 2011; 61(9): 862.
Shakouri S, Sharifirad GR, Golshiri P, Hasanzadeh A, Shafe SM. Effect of health education program base on PRECEDE Model in controlling iron-deficiency anemia among high school girl students in Talesh Iran. JPMA-Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association 2011; 61(9): 862.
Alquaiz AJM, Khoja TA, Alsharif A, Kazi A, Mohamed A, Al Mane H, Shaikh SA. Prevalence and correlates of anaemia in adolescents in Riyadh city, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Public Health Nutrition 2015; 18(17): 3192-320. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980015001214
Shakouri S, Sharifirad GR, Golshiri P, Hasanzadeh A, Shafe SM. Effect of health education program base on PRECEDE Model in controlling iron-deficiency anemia among high school girl students in Talesh Iran. JPMA-Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association 2011; 61(9): 862.
Kulkarni B, Christian P, LeClerq SC, Khatry SK. Determinants of compliance to antenatal micronutrient supplementation and women’s perceptions of supplement use in rural Nepal. Public Health Nutrition 2010; 13(1): 82-90. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980009005862
Baig-Ansari N, Badruddin SH, Karmaliani R., Harris H, Jehan I, Pasha O, Goldenberg RL. Anemia prevalence and risk factors in pregnant women in an urban area of Pakistan. Food and Nutrition Bulletin 2018; 29(2): 132-139. https://doi.org/10.1177/156482650802900207
Finlayson K, Downe S. Why do women not use antenatal services in low-and middle-income countries? A meta-synthesis of qualitative studies. PLoS Medicine 2013; 10(1): e1001373. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001373
Kalimbira AA, Mtimuni BM, Chilima DM. Maternal knowledge and practices related to anaemia and iron supplementation in rural Malawi: A cross-sectional study. African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 2009; 9(1): 550-564. https://doi.org/10.4314/ajfand.v9i1.19212
Lutsey PL, Dawe D, Villate E, Valencia S, Lopez O. Iron supplementation compliance among pregnant women in Bicol, Philippines. Public Health Nutrition 2008; 11(1): 76-82. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980007000237
Bensley R, Brookins-Fisher J. Using theory and ethics to guide method selection and application. Community Health Education Methods: A practical guide 2009; 3: 8-9.
Ugwu, EO, Olibe AO, Obi SN, Ugwu AO. Determinants of compliance to iron supplementation among pregnant women in Enugu, Southeastern Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice 2014; 17(5): 608-612. https://doi.org/10.4103/1119-3077.141427
Bharati P, Som S, Chakrabarty S, Bharati S, Pal M. Prevalence of anemia and its determinants among nonpregnant and pregnant women in India. Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health 2008; 20(4): 347-359. https://doi.org/10.1177/1010539508322762
Notoatmodjo S. Promosi Kesehatan dan Perilaku Kesehatan. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta. 2012.
Petty RE. Attitudes and persuasion: Classic and contemporary approaches. 2018. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429502156
Lindsay PH & Norman DA. Human information processing: An introduction to psychology. Academic press 2013.
King R, Mann V, Boone PD. Knowledge and reported practices of men and women on maternal and child health in rural Guinea Bissau: a cross sectional survey. BMC Public Health 2010; 10(1): 319. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-10-319
Choi HJ, Lee HJ, Jang HB, Park JY, Kang JH, Park KH, Song J. Effects of maternal education on diet, anemia, and iron deficiency in Korean school-aged children. BMC Public Health 2011; 11(1): 870. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-11-870
Seyed Nematollah Roshan F, Navipor H, Alhani F. The Effect of Education-Based Intervention Using Small Group Discussion in Empowering Adolescent Girls to Prevent Iron Deficiency Anemia. Journal of Patient Safety & Quality Improvement 2014; 2(4): 151-155.
Bieri FA, Gray DJ, Williams GM, Raso G, Li YS, Yuan L, McManus DP. Health-education package to prevent worm infections in Chinese schoolchildren. New England Journal of Medicine 2013: 368(17): 1603-1612. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1204885
Kim K, Choi JS, Choi E, Nieman CL, Joo JH, Lin FR, Han HR. Effects of community-based health worker interventions to improve chronic disease management and care among vulnerable populations: a systematic review. American Journal of Public Health 201; 106(4): e3-e28. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302987
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2019 Rukmaini , Nur Indrawaty Lipoeto , Masrul , Nursyirwan Effendi