Keywords
How to Cite
Abstract
Cyperaceae species have an intrinsic value as a source of active elements with biological activity from the family of monocotyledonous known as sedges. Sedges grow in all types of soils associated with wetlands or poor soils. The aim of this present study is to evaluate the content of phenolic compounds by qualitative and quantitive analysis on Lepironia articulata. Dried leaves of L. articulata were successfully extracted by using water extraction then separated with different solvent polarities; petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and butanol fractions before being analysed using GCTOF-MS, microplate reader and HPLC. The result from the GCTOF-MS analysis of fractional extracts showed that 48 compounds were found in petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and butanol extracts. From those extracts, only six phenolic compounds were identified in ethyl acetate and butanol extracts which were 2-Methoxy-4-vinylphenol, Phenol, 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-, 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde, Catechol, Phenol, 2-methoxy- and Vanillin. The total phenolic content was found to be 984.63 ± 5.96 μg GAE/g DW in L. articulata. Quantitative analysis of individual phenolic acid by HPLC showed the predominant amount of Vanillic acid (0.48 ± 0.00 μg/g DW) in ethyl acetate while 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid and Caffeic acid, both of which were 0.12 ± 0.00 μg/g DW in butanol extracts. In the present study, the plant extracts demonstrated the highest phenolic compound detected in ethyl acetate and butanol.
References
Dhir B. Phytoremediation: role of aquatic plants in environmental clean-up, India: Springer 2013. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-1307-9
Thiebaut G. Macrophytes as indicator of the quality and ecological status of waterbodies and for use in removing nutreints and metals. In Aquatic ecosystem research trends, Nairne G, Ed., 2009; pp. 237-259.
Sood A, Uniyal P, Prasanna R, Ahluwalia A. Phytoremediation potential of aquatic macrophytes, Azolla. Ambio 2012; 41(2): 122-137. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-011-0159-z
Dhir B, Sharmila P, Pardha Saradhi P. Potential of aquatic macrophytes for removing contaminants from the environment: Critical reviews. Environ Sci Technol 2009; 39: 754-781. https://doi.org/10.1080/10643380801977776
Agrawal M, Singh A. Reduction in metal toxicity by applying different soil amendments in agricultural field and its consequent effects on characteristics of radish plants (Raphanus sativus L.). J Agr Sci Tech 2013; 15: 1553-1564.
Gamal M, Hani KM, Sameh ES, Sabrin IR. A review: Compounds isolated from Cyperus species (Part I): Phenolics and nitrogenous. Int J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2015; 7: 51-67.
Wurochekke AA, Harun NA, Mohamed RMSR, Kassim AHBM. Constructed Wetland of Lepironia Articulata for household greywater treatment. APCBEE Procedia 2014; 10: 103-109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcbee.2014.10.025
Lychagina NY, Kasimov N, Lychagin M. Biogeochemistry of Macrophytes in the Volga Delta. Geologiya Prikaspiya 1998; 4: 83.
Rafidah A, Chew M, Ummul Nazrah A, Kamarudin S. Diversity, Current Knowledge and the Significance of the Flora of Tasek Bera Ramsar Site, Pahang, Malaysia. J Wildl Manage 2014; 27: 111-120.
Ikusima I. Primary production and population ecology of the aquatic sedge Lepironia articulata in a tropical swamp, Tasek Bera, Malaysia. Aquat Bot 1978; 4: 269-280. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3770(78)90024-4
Datta S, Seal T, Sinha BK, Bhattacharjee S. RP-HPLC based evidences of rich sources of Phenolics and water-soluble vitamins in an annual sedge Cyperus compressus. J Pharmacol 2018; 7(3): 305-311.
Smolders AJP, Vergeer LHT, Van der Velde G, Roelofs JGM. Phenolic contents of submerged, emergent and floating leaves of aquatic and semi?aquatic macrophyte species: why do they differ? Oikos 2000; 91(2): 307-310. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0706.2000.910211.x
Inderjit, Duke S.Ecophysiological aspects of allelopathy. Planta 2003; 217(4): 529-539. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-003-1054-z
Zhou Y, Zhao B, Peng Y, Chen G. Influence of mangrove reforestation on heavy metal accumulation and speciation in intertidal sediments. Mar Pollut Bull 2010; 60(8): 1319-1324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2010.03.010
Maleki A, Mahvi A, Vaezi F, Nabizadeh K. Ultrasonic degradation of phenol and determination of the oxidation by-products toxicity. Iran J Environ Health Sci Eng 2005; 2(3): 201-206.
Micha?owicz J, Duda W. Phenols sources and toxicity. Pol J Environ Stud 2007; 16: 347-362.
Aarabi A, Mizani M, Honarvar M, Faghihian H, Gerami A. Extraction of ferulic acid from sugar beet pulp by alkaline hydrolysis and organic solvent methods. J Food Meas Charact 2016; 10(1): 42-47. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11694-015-9274-z
Bertin C, Yang X, Weston LA. The role of root exudates and allelochemicals in the rhizosphere. Plant Soil 2003; 256(1): 67-83. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026290508166
Portóles T, Ibáñez M, Sancho J, López F, Hernández F. Combined use of GC-TOF MS and UHPLC-(Q)TOF MS to investigate the presence of nontarget pollutants and their metabolites in a case of honeybee poisoning. J Agric Food Chem 2009; 57(10): 4079-4090. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf900099u
Singleton V, Rossi J. Colorimetry of total phenolicswith phospho-molybdic-phosphotungstic acid reagents. Am J Enol Vitic 1965; 16: 144-158.
Zhao H, Sun J, Fan M, Fan L, Zhou L, Li Z, Guo D. Analysis of phenolic compounds in Epimedium plants using liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr 2008; 1190: 157-181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2008.02.109
Gulcin I, Kirecci E, Akkemik E, Topal F, Hisar O. Antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticandidal activities of an aquatic plant: duckweed Lemna minor L. Lemnaceae. Turk J Biol 2010; 34(2): 175-188.
Abdille MH, Singh RP, Jayaprakasa GK, Jens BS. Antioxidant activity of the extracts from Dillenia indica fruits. Food Chem 2005; 90: 891-896. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2004.09.002
López A, Rico M, Rivero A, de Tangil MS. The effects of solvents on the phenolic contents and antioxidant activity of Stypocaulon scoparium algae extracts. Food Chem 2011; 125: 1104-1109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.09.101
Maciak F, Harms H. The effect of agricultural utilization on the composition and yield of phenolic acids in low peat soils. Plant Soil 1986; 94(2): 171-178. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02374341
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2020 Rashidi Othman , Razanah Ramya , Norazian Mohd. Hassan , Suhair Kamoona