Keywords
How to Cite
Abstract
Background: The goal of this research project was to test various neuroactive amines in the capacity of growth stimulators/accelerators of the green microalgae Scenedesmus quadricauda and Chlorella vulgaris that have much biotechnological potential because they can be used for producing drugs, food ingredients, cosmetics, and biofuel. The issue of the ecological role of the biogenic amines in terms of interspecies communication in aqueous ecosystems was also addressed in this work.
Methods: S. quadricauda strain GEHD and C. vulgaris strain ALP were cultivated in the light with constant aeration at 24oC in a minerals-containing medium. Experimental systems contained 1, 10 or 100 mM of dopamine hydrochloride, histamine hydrochloride, norepinephrine hydrochloride, or serotonin hydrochloride that were added at inoculation as freshly prepared aqueous solutions. Algal cells were counted using a light microscope , and their number in 1 mL of culture was calculated. The culture liquid and sonicated biomass of S. quadricauda and C. vulgaris were tested for the presence of endogenous amines using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with an amperometric detector.
Results: The biogenic amines serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine, and histamine significantly stimulated the growth of S. quadricauda, at concentrations of 1 and/or 10 mM but not 100 mM. Histamine was the most efficient stimulator, causing an average 65% increase in biomass accumulation at the end of the cultivation period. The effects of serotonin, dopamine and histamine on C. vulgaris were reported in our previous publication [1], but this work contains the results of our experiments with the previously untested norepinephrine that slightly stimulated the growth of C. vulgaris. HPLC analysis failed to reveal any endogenous amines in the culture liquid and biomass of both microalgae.
Conclusions: Since biogenic amines stimulate the growth of the microalgae S. quadricauda and C. vulgaris but are not synthesized by them, we suggest that the algae normally respond to amines produced by other components of aqueous ecosystems, including zooplankton and fish that are known to release significant amounts of biogenic amines into the environment. The data obtained hold some promise with regard to developing a relatively economical technique of boosting algal biomass production.
References
Oleskin AV, Postnov AL, Boyang C. Impact of biogenic amines on the growth of a Chlorella vulgaris culture. J Pharm Nutr Sci 2021; 11: 1-5. https://doi.org/10.29169/1927-5951.2021.11.07
Oleskin AV, Shenderov BA. Microbial communication and microbiota-host interactions: biomedical, biotechnological, and biopolitical implications. New York: Nova Science Publishers 2020.
Roshchina VV. Evolutionary considerations of neurotransmitters in microbial, plant, and animal cells. In: Lyte M, Freestone PPE, Eds. Microbial endocrinology: interkingdom signaling in infectious disease and health. New York: Springer 2010; pp. 17-52. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-5576-0_2
Boyang C, Oleskin AV, Vlasova T. Detecting biogenic amines in food and drug plants with HPLC: medical and nutritional implications. J Pharm Nutr Sci 2020; 10(3): 88-91. https://doi.org/10.29169/1927-5951.2020.10.03.2
Gritsai OB. Insect behavior: the role of biogenic amines. Moscow: ALTEX 2017.
Ishaq A, Peralta HMM, Basri H. Bioactive compounds from the green microalga Scenedesmus and its potential applications: a brief review. Pertanika J Trop Agric Sci 2016; 39(1): 1-16.
Oleskin AV, Zhilenkova OG, Shenderov BA, Amerhanova AM, Kudrin V S, Klodt PM. Lactic-acid bacteria supplement fermented dairy products with human behavior-modifying neuroactive compounds. J Pharm Nutr Sci 2014; 4P: 199-206. https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-5951.2014.04.03.5
El’-Registan GI. Role of membranotropic autoregulatory factors in the growth and development of microorganisms. Doctor of Science (Biology) dissertation. Moscow: Institute of Microbiology of the USSR Academy of Sciences 1988 (in Russian).
Parsaiemehr A, Sun Z, Dou X, Chen YF. Simultaneous improvement in production of microalgal biodiesel and high-value alpha-linolenic acid by a sigle regulator acetylcholine. Biotechnol Biofuels 2015; 8: 11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13068-015-0196-0
Lyte M. Microbial endocrinology: an ongoing personal journey. In: Lyte M, Ed. Microbial endocrinology: interkingdom signaling in infectious disease and health. New York: Springer 2016; pp. 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20215-0
Herrmann V, Jüttner F. Excretion products of algae: identification of biogenic amines by gass-liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry of their trifluoroacetamides. Anal Biochem 1977; 78: 365-372. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-4526-8_13
Van Alstyne KL, Ridgway RL, Nelson A. Neurotransmitters in marine and freshwater algae In: Ramakrishna A, Roshchina VV, Eds. Neurotransmitters in Plants: Perspectives and Applications. Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press 2018; pp. 27-36. https://doi.org/10.1201/b22467-3
Akula R, Mukherjee S. New insights on neurotransmitter signaling mechanisms in plants. Plant Signal Behav 2020; 15(6): 1737450. https://doi.org/10.1080/1559232420201737450
Rolle I, Hobucher HE, Kneifel H, Pascold B, Piepe W, Soeder CJ. Amines in unicellular green algae: 2. Amines in Scendesmus acutas. Anal Biochem 1977; 77(1): 103-109. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(77)90294-9Corp
Van Alstyne KL, Harvey EL, Cataldo M. Effects of dopamine, a compound released by the green-tide macroalga Ulvaria obscura (Chlorophyta), on marine algae and invertebrate larvae and juveniles. Phycologia 2014; 53: 195-202. https://doi.org/10.2216/13-237.1
Van Alstyne KL, Ridgway RL, Nelson A. Neurotransmitters in marine and freshwater algae. In: Ramakrishna A, Roshchina VV, Eds. Neurotransmitters in plants: perspectives and applications. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press 2019; pp. 27-36. https://doi.org/10.1201/b22467-3
Roshchina VV, Prizova NK, Khaibulaeva LM. Allelopathy experiments with Chara algae model: Histochemical analysis of the participation of neurotransmitter systems in water inhabitation. Allelopathy Journal 2019; 46(1): 17-24. https://doi.org/10.26651/allelo.j/2019-46-1-1195
Oleskin AV, Shenderov BA. Production of neurochemicals by microorganisms: implications for microbiota–plants interactivity. In: Ramakrishna A, Roshchina VV, Eds. Neurotransmitters in plants: perspectives and applications. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press 2019; pp. 27-36. https://doi.org/10.1201/b22467-3
Roshchina VV. Biomediators in plants. Acetylcholine and biogenic amines. Pushchino: Biological Center of the USSR Academy of Sciences 1991. (In Russian).
Pasteels JM. Is kairomone a valid and useful term? J Chem Ecol 1982; 8(7): 1079-1081. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00987889
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2021 Alexander V. Oleskin, Andrey L. Postnov, Cao Boyang